The "Three Perfections" in Xieyi

The concept of the "Three Perfections" (sānjué 三絕) – poetry, calligraphy, and painting – is central to understanding the literati ideal and its influence on Xieyi. This concept emphasizes the integration of these three art forms as a holistic expression of the artist's personal feeling, thought, and understanding of the world. It is a complete and comprehensive artistic expression.

A literati artist would strive to master all three disciplines, viewing them as mutually enriching and equally important. The ability to write beautiful poetry, create expressive calligraphy, and paint with skill was considered the hallmark of a cultured individual. All three disciplines were important for a complete expression.

In Xieyi painting, the influence of calligraphy is particularly evident in the use of calligraphic brushstrokes. The artist aims to create lines that are not only visually appealing but also imbued with energy and expressiveness. The painter’s brushwork is directly related to the skill of a calligrapher.

The incorporation of poetry into Xieyi painting enhances the meaning and impact of the visual elements. The artist often selects poems that resonate with the subject matter and their personal vision, adding a new dimension to the artwork. It elevates the expression to a higher level of integrated creativity.

The "Three Perfections" represent a holistic approach to art, emphasizing the importance of personal expression, intellectual cultivation, and a deep connection to the cultural and philosophical traditions of China. The artist sought an integrated and complete expression that combined all three disciplines. It is the complete union of artistic expression.