The Techniques of Tang Kaishu: Brushwork, Ink, and Paper

The exceptional quality of Tang Dynasty Kaishu is not solely due to the talent of its calligraphers, but also to the mastery of specific techniques, the proper use of tools, and the knowledge of materials. Brushwork, ink preparation, and the selection of paper all played essential roles in producing the exquisite calligraphy of this era. The mastery of these technical elements is a key element to the calligraphy’s success.

The brush techniques used by Tang Dynasty calligraphers were the result of centuries of refinement. They employed a variety of pressure, speed, and angle variations to create strokes that ranged from fine and delicate to thick and bold. The proper use of brush technique was a critical element for successful calligraphy.

The ink used in Tang calligraphy was made from soot and glue, carefully ground and mixed to achieve the desired consistency and depth of color. Different types of ink were used to produce various shades and effects, and the control of ink flow on the paper was crucial. The quality and consistency of the ink was a defining feature of the best calligraphy.

Xuan paper, known for its absorbency and smoothness, was a preferred choice among Tang calligraphers. Its texture and absorbency allowed for the ink to be fully expressed and helped in the creation of the fine lines and strokes associated with the Tang Dynasty. The quality of the paper greatly impacted the final result of the work.

The use of these specific brush techniques, high-quality ink, and carefully chosen paper all contributed to the unique aesthetic of Tang Dynasty Kaishu. The understanding of these materials was an essential component for the calligraphers. The tools and materials were a key factor in the overall success of the work.