The Influence of Buddhism on Pre-Tang Kaishu: Sutra Copying and Calligraphy

Buddhism played a significant role in shaping the development of calligraphy in pre-Tang China, particularly in the evolution of Kaishu. The copying of Buddhist sutras, both for religious purposes and for propagating the faith, provided calligraphers with ample opportunities to develop and refine their techniques. The need for clear and legible writing in religious texts led to a convergence of purpose and artistic expression. The connection between Buddhism and calligraphy resulted in many works of the era.

The act of copying sutras was not just a routine activity; it was often considered a form of spiritual practice. Calligraphers approached their work with reverence and mindfulness, resulting in calligraphy imbued with a sense of spiritual purpose. This devotional aspect of sutra copying influenced the overall style and aesthetic, encouraging a careful and deliberate approach to each character. The spiritual connection enhanced the carefulness of the work.

The demand for sutras led to the development of distinct styles of writing for religious purposes. While the styles did not completely adhere to any particular formal script, sutra copyists often employed characteristics that would later be incorporated into Kaishu, such as clarity, simplicity, and readability. The focus was on presenting the texts in a form that was accessible to all readers, leading to simplified forms that eventually found their way into the developing Regular Script. Sutra copying contributed to a more simplified and regular script.

The influence of Buddhism on calligraphy extended beyond the act of sutra copying. Buddhist aesthetics, with their emphasis on symmetry, balance, and harmony, often permeated the overall design and structure of calligraphy. The desire to create beautiful and spiritually uplifting texts led to further experimentation and innovation in calligraphy. The values of symmetry and balance from Buddhism permeated calligraphy.

The sutra copying done in pre-Tang China provided a practical platform for experimentation, allowing calligraphers to refine stroke techniques and character composition. The development of Kaishu style benefited greatly from the religious context, demonstrating the way in which cultural and spiritual needs can shape artistic innovation. The religious purpose pushed forward new ideas in calligraphy.