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The later Ming Dynasty (1522-1644), covering the Jiajing, Longqing, and Wanli reigns, witnessed a period of significant experimentation and diversity in ceramic production. While the blue and white tradition continued, potters explored new colors, glazes, and decorative techniques. This resulted in a wide range of stylistic variations that reflect the evolving aesthetic tastes of the time. The later Ming saw a proliferation of different ceramic styles. The Jiajing period (1522-1566) is particularly noted for its use of vibrant colors, such as bright yellows, turquoise, and purples. This was a reaction against the more understated colors of the preceding Chenghua reign. The Jiajing era pushed the boundaries of ceramic design. The Wanli period (1573-1620) saw the introduction of new decorative techniques, such as the use of colored enamels on the biscuit. The era is characterized by a high level of decorative complexity and use of various techniques. The period is notable for its exuberance of design. Export porcelain also played an increasingly important role during the later Ming period. These pieces were often produced for overseas markets, particularly in Southeast Asia and Europe. This interaction resulted in the development of some hybrid designs that fused Chinese and foreign aesthetics. The diversity of later Ming porcelain underscores the dynamic nature of Chinese ceramic art and the adaptability of its artisans. This period also lays the groundwork for the artistic output of the Qing dynasty. The innovation and experimentation of the period demonstrates the incredible creative spirit of the Ming. |
Tag : Later Ming porcelain, Jiajing porcelain, Wanli porcelain, Ming Dynasty ceramics, Chinese export ware
While we have touched on the use of gouache, it is useful to revisit the specific ways in which the appearance of this type of painting influenced the application of overglaze enamels in Ming ceramics. The desire to create a dense, opaque look akin to gouache paint led to some new techniques and stylistic approaches that changed the look and texture of some Ming pieces.
While we've discussed black glazes, let's examine the specific use of black as a background in Ming ceramics. This technique, where black was used as a backdrop to highlight other colors or decorative elements, was a popular approach to design during this period, and it shows the ways that colour could be used to highlight certain parts of a piece of pottery while also creating a dramatic and striking visual impact.
Early Ming blue and white porcelain (1368-1521) established the foundation for later ceramic innovation, showcasing refined cobalt underglaze techniques, bold designs, and diverse natural and symbolic motifs.
While blue and white dominated much of Ming production, the dynasty also saw the development of a vibrant palette of overglaze enamels that led to the creation of "five-color" (wucai) porcelains. These polychrome wares are known for their bright colors, bold designs, and dynamic energy, and the pieces demonstrate the level of innovation that was possible during this period.
While we’ve addressed innovation before, it is useful to conclude by focusing on the enduring legacy of specific technical innovations of Ming potters. The techniques they developed, refined and combined continue to influence potters around the world today, and highlight the continued relevance of Ming era styles and production methods.