The Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) was a period of significant cultural and artistic innovation in China, and calligraphy was no exception. While building upon the foundations laid by earlier dynasties, especially the Tang, Song calligraphers developed distinct styles that emphasized individual expression, artistic innovation, and intellectual engagement. This era saw a shift away from the rigid formality of some previous styles, with a greater focus on conveying personal feelings and moods through the brush. This era also saw an increased interest in the study and collection of calligraphy from previous periods.