The Influence of Taoism on Tang Dynasty Calligraphy

While Confucianism and Buddhism were significant influences on Tang Dynasty culture, Taoism, with its emphasis on naturalness, spontaneity, and harmony with the universe, also played a subtle yet important role in shaping the aesthetics of Tang calligraphy. The influence of Taoism helped to bring a sense of natural flow and freedom to the calligraphic process.

The Taoist philosophy of wu wei (無為), or non-action, encouraged a sense of naturalness and spontaneity in artistic expression. While Kaishu calligraphy is characterized by its structure, the calligraphers often sought to capture a sense of effortless flow, as if the strokes were arising naturally from the brush. The emphasis on naturalness is very evident in the best calligraphy of the period.

The concept of harmony with nature, central to Taoism, encouraged calligraphers to see the characters as part of a larger cosmic order. They often sought to create forms that felt organic and fluid, connecting to the natural rhythms of the universe. The Taoist concept of the natural rhythms of the universe was reflected in the best works.

Taoism also promoted a sense of inner peace and contemplation, emphasizing the importance of mindfulness in any activity. The practice of calligraphy became a way to explore one's inner world and connect with a deeper sense of self. The focus required in calligraphy was similar to traditional Taoist meditations.

The influence of Taoism on Tang calligraphy serves as a reminder that spiritual values can shape even the most formal and structured of art forms, resulting in a more complex and layered final product. The combination of a structured form and a free spirit was a key aspect of calligraphy at this time. The influence of Taoism remains a key element in Tang calligraphy.