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The history of Regular Script (Kaishu) is a compelling narrative of evolution and refinement within Chinese calligraphy. Its development spans several centuries, evolving from the earlier Lishu (Clerical Script) during the Han Dynasty to reaching its zenith during the Tang Dynasty. This long history reflects not only the changing needs of Chinese society but also the continuous pursuit of artistic excellence. The early forms of Kaishu can be traced back to the late Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). At this time, Lishu was widely used, but a more regularized script was beginning to emerge for practical purposes. The transition from Lishu to Kaishu was not instantaneous; it was a gradual process of experimentation and standardization. Early forms still show some characteristics of Lishu, gradually becoming more distinct. The period of the Wei and Jin Dynasties (220-420 AD) witnessed the further development of Kaishu. Notable calligraphers of this era, such as Zhong Yao, contributed to the refinement of this script, establishing core principles that would shape its future. During this time, the structure of the characters became more defined and standardized. The Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) is widely regarded as the golden age of Kaishu. The famous calligraphers of the Tang, such as Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, and Liu Gongquan, each developed their own distinctive styles, setting the standard for future generations. The Tang Dynasty era is often viewed as the pinnacle of Chinese calligraphy. These masters' contributions solidified Kaishu’s position as the dominant script and set the standards that continue to be followed today. The stylistic differences among these Tang masters demonstrate the diversity within the standard script, and the continuing pursuit of aesthetic expression within set parameters. The impact of their work is still visible in all forms of Kaishu today. |
Tag : kaishu history, regular script evolution, Tang dynasty calligraphy, Chinese calligraphy history, Ouyang Xun calligraphy
This article examines the role of space (bai) in Tang Kaishu composition, highlighting the calligraphers’ meticulous management of both positive and negative space within and around characters and lines, and its essential contribution to balance and harmony.
This article details the significant influence of Buddhism on pre-Tang Kaishu, explaining how the copying of sutras provided opportunities to develop and refine clear, legible writing, contributing to the evolution of Regular Script and embedding it with spiritual significance.
This article explores the role of calligraphy in Tang Dynasty education, highlighting how the practice was considered essential for intellectual and moral development, and how it formed a fundamental part of the curriculum for students of the era.
This article introduces the Tang Dynasty as the golden age of Kaishu calligraphy, highlighting its political and cultural context, its key figures (Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, and Liu Gongquan), and the defining characteristics of Tang Kaishu's balance, precision, and enduring influence.
This article explores the evolution of Tang Kaishu by examining various stele inscriptions, showcasing how styles changed over the course of the dynasty, reflecting the influence of Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, and Liu Gongquan, and how these changes showcase the overall progression of the craft.