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The history of Regular Script (Kaishu) is a compelling narrative of evolution and refinement within Chinese calligraphy. Its development spans several centuries, evolving from the earlier Lishu (Clerical Script) during the Han Dynasty to reaching its zenith during the Tang Dynasty. This long history reflects not only the changing needs of Chinese society but also the continuous pursuit of artistic excellence. The early forms of Kaishu can be traced back to the late Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). At this time, Lishu was widely used, but a more regularized script was beginning to emerge for practical purposes. The transition from Lishu to Kaishu was not instantaneous; it was a gradual process of experimentation and standardization. Early forms still show some characteristics of Lishu, gradually becoming more distinct. The period of the Wei and Jin Dynasties (220-420 AD) witnessed the further development of Kaishu. Notable calligraphers of this era, such as Zhong Yao, contributed to the refinement of this script, establishing core principles that would shape its future. During this time, the structure of the characters became more defined and standardized. The Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) is widely regarded as the golden age of Kaishu. The famous calligraphers of the Tang, such as Ouyang Xun, Yan Zhenqing, and Liu Gongquan, each developed their own distinctive styles, setting the standard for future generations. The Tang Dynasty era is often viewed as the pinnacle of Chinese calligraphy. These masters' contributions solidified Kaishu’s position as the dominant script and set the standards that continue to be followed today. The stylistic differences among these Tang masters demonstrate the diversity within the standard script, and the continuing pursuit of aesthetic expression within set parameters. The impact of their work is still visible in all forms of Kaishu today. |
Tag : kaishu history, regular script evolution, Tang dynasty calligraphy, Chinese calligraphy history, Ouyang Xun calligraphy
The "Four Great Masters" are a group of highly celebrated calligraphers, primarily from the Tang Dynasty, who are recognized for their exceptional contributions to Regular Script calligraphy. They are:Yan Zhenqing(颜真卿) Liu Gongquan (柳公权) Ouyang Xun (欧阳询) Zhao Mengfu (赵孟頫)
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